The dass has sub scales that differentiate anxiety, depression, and a third factor, labelled stress. Depression anxiety stress scales short form dass21. The depression anxiety stress scale dass is a 42item selfreport measure of anxiety, depression and stress developed by lovibond and lovibond 1995 which is increasingly used in diverse settings. The dass 21 is a shorter, 21item version of the dass 42, which is a self report instrument designed to measure the three related negative emotional states of depression, anxiety and tension stress. The short version of the depression anxiety stress scales. Accordingly, the resulting three scales consisting of 14 items each were named the depression anxiety stress scales dass. Depression anxiety and stress scale dass the dass is a 42item questionnaire which includes three selfreport scales designed to measure the negative emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress. Psychometric properties of the depression anxiety and stress. The university of new south wales in australia developed a questionnaire to measure all three of them using one questionnaire, known as dass.
Depression anxiety stress scales dass information sheet description. The present study was conducted to assess the psychometric characteristics of the 21item version of the depression, anxiety, and stress scales dass 21 among different racial groups. For the development of the instrument, the authors included. The dass is a 42item self report instrument designed to measure the three related negative emotional states of depression, anxiety and tensionstress. Depression anxiety and stress scale dass 42 healthfocus.
The dass is a client selfreporting tool designed to measure the severity of the negative emotional states of depression, anxiety, and stress. Archival data from 504 patient records at the brain injury rehabilitation unit at liverpool hospital, australia. Add up each row and enter the score into the available box d, a or s add up the each of the d, a and s columns. Also, this scale is used in determining the level of negative emotional states. Description of depression, anxiety, and stress scales lovibond and lovibond 34, dass 21 authors, intended to develop an instrument capable of measuring symptomatology associated with depression and anxiety, and that could simultaneously discriminate between these constructs. Psychometric properties of an arabic version of the. A guide to the depression, anxiety and stress scale dass 21. Dass 42 score sheet enter each score from the questionnaire into the first two columns. The scale, developed by lovibond and lovibond 1995 and proposed by australian psychological. The depression scale assesses dysphoria, hopelessness, devaluation of life, selfdeprecation, lack of interest involvement, anhedonia and inertia. The dass is a 42item self report instrument designed to measure the three related negative emotional states of depression, anxiety and tension stress. Comparison of the dass with other scales section 4. Pdf the short version of the depression anxiety stress. Theoretically, this instrument corresponds with the tripartite model of anxiety and depression.
This study explored the factor structure of the short form of the depression anxiety stress scales dass 21. To confirm the construct validity of the depression anxiety stress scales21 dass21 by investigating the fit of published factor structures in a sample of adults with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury posttraumatic amnesia 24 hours. The dass21 scores are multiplied by two so that you can. With permission from peter lovibond, the scales developer, we added two items to assess suicidality. Psychometric properties of the depression anxiety and. The shortform version of the depression anxiety stress. The dass 21 is the short form of the dass 42, a selfreport scale designed to measure the negative emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress. Depression, anxiety and stress scale dass 21 at ease. Spanish translation and validation with a hispanic sample. The dass 21 scores are multiplied by two so that you can compare.
Add up the number in the first column of the office use only. The dass has subscales that differentiate anxiety, depression, and a third factor, labelled stress. The nature of depression, anxiety and stress references appendix. The anxiety scale assesses autonomic arousal, skeletal muscle effects, situational anxiety, and subjective experience of anxious affect. The principal value of the dass in a clinical setting is to clarify the locus of emotional disturbance, as part of the broader task of clinical assessment. The depression anxiety stress scales dass23 would seem to be a promising instrument for use in occupational health care. The depression anxiety stress scales 21 dass21 is a short form of lovibond and lovibondos 1995 42item selfreport measure of depression, anxiety, and stress dass. The dass 42 is a 42 item selfreport scale designed to measure the negative emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress. The present study was conducted to assess the psychometric characteristics of the 21item version of the depression, anxiety, and stress scales dass21 among different racial groups. It was originally developed to provide a selfreport measure of anxiety and depression that covers the full range of core symptoms of both affective states while providing maximum discrimination between the two scales. The dass questionnaire is in the public domain, and may be downloaded from this website. Depression anxiety stress scales dass information sheet.
Each of the three dass 21 scales contains 7 items, divided into subscales with similar content. Each of these is rated on a fourpoint likert scale of frequency or severity of the participants experiences over the last week with the intention of emphasising states over traits. Depression, anxiety and stress scale dass the depression, anxiety and stress scale were applied in order to reveal the psychological status of the individuals. The short version of the depression anxiety stress scales dass 21. Dass depression and anxiety stress scale scoring s stress q1, 6, 8, 11, 12, 14, 18 a anxiety q2, 4, 7, 9, 15, 19, 20 d depression q3, 5, 10, 16, 17, 21 1. Google scholar daza p, novy dm, stanley ma, averill p. D pression anxiety stress as bass the dass is a 42item self ort instrument designed to measure the three related negative emotional states of depressio, anxiety and tension stress. The dass21 has 21 items if you are under time pressure. Jan 03, 2018 the depression, anxiety and stress scale dass21 pdf is a standardised assessment tool for depression, anxiety and stress symptoms that can help you develop a treatment plan and assess symptom severity or treatment progress. The depression, anxiety and stress scale 21 items dass21 is a set of three selfreport scales designed to measure the emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress. The dass was constructed not merely as another set of scales to measure conventionally defined emotional states, but to further the process of defining, understanding, and measuring the ubiquitous and clinically significant emotional states usually described as. The dass 21 has 21 items if you are under time pressure.
A guide to the depression, anxiety and stress scale dass 21 by fernando gomez consultant clinical psychologist introduction the dass 21 is a 21 item self report questionnaire designed to measure the severity of a range of symptoms common to both depression and. Normative data and latent structure in a large nonclinical sample. Its psychometric properties were evaluated in an australian immigrant sample n356 and compared to the data reported by lovibond and lovibond 1995a using the english version of the dass n720. The dass 21 depression anxiety stress test is not a diagnosis mean by itself, it is merely a self report scheme and should be followed by a complete psychological or psychiatric evaluation.
The depression anxiety stress scales dass was empirically developed to measure symptoms of depression and anxiety, based on the tripartite model of depression and anxiety. Record circled number on the line provided in the office use only columns next to the responses. Each of the three dass21 scales contains 7 items, divided into subscales with similar content. Manual for the depression anxiety stress scales 2nd.
Comparison of the depression anxiety stress scales dass with the beck depression and anxiety inventories. A guide to the depression, anxiety and stress scale dass 21 by fernando gomez consultant clinical psychologist introduction the dass 21 is a 21 item self report questionnaire designed to measure the severity of a range of symptoms common to both depression and anxiety. The short version of the depression anxiety stress scales dass21. Depression, anxiety, and stress are all negative feelings. The dass42 is a 42 item selfreport scale designed to measure the negative emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress.
Dass selfreporting depression, anxiety, stress scales. Its popularity is partly attributable to the fact uk. A chinese version of the 21item depression anxiety stress scales dass21 was developed. Dass for children and adolescents depression anxiety stress scale dass. Internal consistency, construct validity, and criterion validity of the depression anxiety stress scales dass were assessed. Each of the three scales contains 14 items, divided into subscales of 25 items with similar content.
The dass 21 was chosen because it appears to be a reliable and easy to administer measure, ideal for both clinical and research purposes. The depression, anxiety and stress scale 21 items dass 21 is a set of three selfreport scales designed to measure the emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress. To develop the dass, the authors selected items that were core symptoms of depression or anxiety but not both conditions. Depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms were measured with the dass21, a selfreported 21item scale for assessing discrete core symptoms in the three 7item subscale dimensions of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. The dass21 is a shorter, 21item version of the dass42, which is a self report instrument designed to measure the three related negative emotional states of depression, anxiety and tensionstress. The depression, anxiety and stress scale dass21 pdf is a standardised assessment tool for depression, anxiety and stress symptoms that can help you develop a. Depression was measured using the depression subscale of the reliable and valid short form depression, anxiety, and stress scale dass21 31, 32. The total for each column is the score for that trait. It does so by comparing these scales with one of the most prominent and respected normreferenced scales of this kind. Furthermore, the ability to identify anxiety disorders or depression was evaluated by calculating posterior probabilities of these disorders following positive and negative test results for different cut off. The dass is a set of three selfreport scales designed to measure the negative emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress. Manual for the depression anxiety stress scales book, 1995. Counselling keywords dass 21, dass21, dass 21, dass21. Depression was measured using the depression subscale of the reliable and valid short form depression, anxiety, and stress scale dass 21 31, 32.
To 1 evaluate the psychometric properties and 2 examine the ability to detect cases with anxiety disorder and depression in a population of employees absent from work because of mental health problems. The dass21 is the short form of the dass42, a selfreport scale designed to measure the negative emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress. The 21item and 12item versions of the depression anxiety. As the three scales of the dass have been shown to have high internal consistency and to yield meaningful discriminations, the scales should meet the needs of both researchers and clinicians who. Statement did not apply to me at all applied to me to some degree or some of the time applied to me a considerable degree or a good part of the time applied to me very. The depression anxiety stress scales dass is a valid and reliable tool used to assess for the presence of depression, anxiety, or stress symptoms what. Depression, anxiety and stress scale dass21 for each statement below, please circle the number in the column that best represents how you have been feeling in the last week. Manual for the depression anxiety stress scales book. Validity and responsiveness of the depression anxiety. Counselling keywords dass 21, dass 21, dass 21, dass 21. Dass, the depression anxiety stress scales, is made up of 42 selfreport items to be completed over five to ten minutes, each reflecting a negative emotional symptom. Description of depression, anxiety, and stress scales lovibond and lovibond 34, dass21 authors, intended to develop an instrument capable of measuring symptomatology associated with depression and anxiety, and that could simultaneously discriminate between these constructs. Pdf validation of the french depression anxiety stress.
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